OMS Efficacy

Brown, 2021

  • Usability of OMS was rated as “good to excellent” (as measured by the SUS).
  • Junior students’ learning experience (as measured with CLECS 2.0 and SET-M) was similar between OMS and face-to-face simulation.
  • Nurse practitioner students’ learning experience was consistently superior in OMS relative to both in person training and face-to-face simulation.

Brown, 2023

  • OMS was rated as easy to navigate, with two-thirds of all learners giving the highest rating of usability (as measured with the SUS).
  • 100% of learners rated the learning experience highly, selecting either “strongly agree” or “somewhat agree” to all components of the SET-M.
  • The authors conclude that embedding OMS within a defined curriculum and facilitated debriefing is valuable for student learning and may ultimately affect patient care.

Mallick, 2021

  • Learners using OMS demonstrated significant increases in clinical confidence and performance improvement to Kirkpatrick level 3
  • 96% of learners noted that VR scenarios were better for knowledge retention than standard eLearning modules.

Seager, 2020

  • 95.5% of participants said they would recommend VR simulation to their peers.
  • Clinicians gained skills in time management, prioritization, delegation, escalation, teamwork and structured patient assessment.

Atkinson, 2020

  • After using OMS, clinician confidence in managing diabetic emergencies increased significantly.
  • 100% of trainees expect to use the knowledge gained within 3 months at work.
  • Qualitative responses included: “Honestly, this was the single most useful learning experience I’ve had so far in my training”.

OMS Return on Investment

NHS Long Term People Plan, 2023

  • Case study: “As well as enriching the student experience, the use of [OMS] provided access for almost double the number of learners in comparison to face-to-face simulation, with the university realising a 74% reduction in staffing time and estate costs (after 2000 hours of simulated learning on OMS)”. 

Economic Impact Study, YHEC, 2022

  • OMS costs were between $2.22 (£1.86) and $14.38 (£12.07) per use, whilst physical simulation costs vary from $28.38 (£23.83) to $394.95 (£331.48) per use. 
  • Taking a conservative average of $12.10 (£10.15) per use for OMS costs, the return on investment (ROI) of OMS vs physical simulation can be calculated at between 1.2 and 300 (120% to 3,000%)

VR Simulation Cost-Effectiveness

Bumbach, 2022

  • VR simulation education requires 22% less time than physical simulation education and is 40% less expensive.

Haerling, 2018

  • VR is significantly less expensive than physical simulation whilst delivering the same learning and performance outcomes.

VR Simulation vs Traditional Education

Padilha, 2019

  • Randomized controlled trial: VR significantly improves nurses’ knowledge over case-based learning, and leads to higher levels of learning satisfaction.

Kyaw, 2019

  • Meta-analysis: VR improves healthcare knowledge and skills significantly more than in-person education or e-learning.

VR Simulation vs Screen-Based Learning

Gutierrez, 2007

  • In healthcare education, VR significantly improves learning compared with screen-based delivery.

Bowman, 2009

  • VR significantly improves memory performance compared with screen-based learning and transfer to the real world.

Makowski, 2017

  • The sense of presence in VR significantly improves memorization vs screen-based learning.
 

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